Emergencies >>>> How to provide first aid for a burn.

Burn.

Burn - tissue damage caused by high temperature (thermal burn), acids and alkalis (chemical burn), electric current (electrical burn) or ionizing radiation (radiation burn). How to provide first aid for a burn? For each type of burn, there are rules for first aid.

Thermal burn.

Thermal burns can be caused by the sun's rays, hot water, water vapor (not to be confused with chemical vapors), open flames, hot oil, molten metal, hot food, hot heaters, electric and gas stoves, a soldering appliance, hot dishes, etc. much more.

Procedure (pre-medical):

Stop exposure to the damaging factor (if the victim is on fire, extinguish the flame by throwing a coat, blanket, wet cloth, pour water on the victim or immerse the victim in water).
Remove the burned part of the body from clothing, cutting it around the burned area. Leave the adhering fabric in place.
Do not touch the burned surface with your hands, do not open bubbles, do not lubricate with ointment, fat, alcohol (alcohol can only be used to treat the surface of a burn received in the sun) and other substances.
Cool small burn surfaces with cold water, ice, snow.
Apply a clean, sterile dressing (in the field, as a rule, sterile tissue cannot be found, so a clean handkerchief, disposable tissues, and in extreme cases cellophane will do). For extensive burns that occupy a large surface of the body, the victim is wrapped in a clean sheet.
In case of eye burns, a sterile eye patch is applied.
Treat the surface around the burn (without touching the very place of the burn) with alcohol or vodka in order to fix the pathogenic microflora in place.
Provide an abundant drink

Chemical burn.

Chemical burns can be caused by chemical reagents of industrial acids and alkalis; vapors of acids and other chemicals; smoke generated during the combustion of plastic (it contains phosgene and gaseous hydrocyanic acid, such smoke is poisonous, it causes a chemical burn), food acids (vinegar essence, vinegar).

Procedure (pre-medical):

Stop exposure to the damaging factor.
In the case of impregnation with a chemically active substance, you should strive to quickly remove it.
In addition to burns with quicklime, the affected surface is rinsed with plenty of tap water as soon as possible to reduce the concentration of the substance.
Neutralization of a surface doused with acid with a 2% solution of baking soda (or any soda solution that you have time to prepare).
Neutralization of a surface doused with alkali with a 2% solution of acetic or citric acid (or any solution of acetic or citric acid that you have time to prepare).
In case of a burn of the larynx or esophagus with acid, rinse the oral cavity and drink (except for cases of acid entering the stomach , in which the neutralizing solution cannot be drunk , since as a result of the neutralizing reaction, carbon dioxide will be released and can inflate the stomach) soda), burnt magnesia or almagel.
In case of a burn of the larynx or esophagus, rinse the mouth with alkali and drink (except for cases of alkali getting into the stomach , in which you cannot drink a neutralizing solution , since as a result of a neutralizing reaction, carbon dioxide will be released and can inflate the stomach) 1% solution of acetic acid.
take antispasmodics to relieve esophageal spasm.

Electrical burn.

An electrical burn is caused by electric shock. First aid consists in stopping the impact of the damaging factor on the victim (de-energizing) and then, if the person is fully conscious, measures are taken according to the scheme of assistance for thermal burns (see above).

Radiation burn.

The cause of a radiation burn is a high dose of radioactive radiation (alpha, beta, gamma x-rays), received, for example, as a result of a safety violation when working with radioactive sources. Such X-rays in therapeutic doses form local injuries - burns. Their degree depends on the radiation dose.

Procedure (pre-medical):

Shelter (s) from exposure to a source of ionizing radiation
In order to weaken the effect of penetrating radiation, give the victim antidotes
make an antiemetic for the victim
Get rid of contaminated clothing
Start decontamination of the affected area and even the whole body by rinsing with soapy water or just water from a shower, hose or brush
Treat the burn site with a 0.5% hydrogen peroxide solution to remove radionuclides
Apply an aseptic dressing to the affected area
Give pain reliever
Take the victim to a medical institution as soon as possible