Endocrinology >>>> Diabetes mellitus - causes and development
Diabetes mellitus - causes and development.
There are two types of diabetes mellitus:
- Diabetes mellitus of the first type, when the body disrupts the production of insulin by the endocrine gland (pancreas) - insulin-dependent;
- Diabetes mellitus of the second type, when the sensitivity of tissues to the produced insulin is impaired, is insulin-independent.
The causes of type 1 diabetes mellitus are rooted in autoimmune diseases of the pancreas, which destroy insulin-producing cells or disrupt their functions. As a result of various viral infections or toxic damage to the body, the cells of the pancreas are destroyed.
The reasons for the development of diabetes mellitus of the second type are factors that impede the susceptibility of cells to insulin: adipose tissue, carbohydrate compounds, atherosclerosis, side effects of drugs, genetic predisposition, stresses that disrupt the work of the adrenal cortex.
In case of violation of the flow of glucose into tissue cells (in both cases of diabetes), its amount accumulates in the tissues in the form of other compounds - glucosaminoglycans, which in turn are deposited in cartilage, tendons, skin, ligaments, bones, synovial fluid, vitreous body of the eye, cornea of the eye , in the vascular wall, in the liver and in the lung tissue. In the body, other pathways for the utilization of glucosaminoglycans that are not typical for normal metabolism are switched on, which allows the development of many diseases associated with diabetes mellitus in the tissues where these substances are deposited.
Diabetes mellitus strikes all tissues of the body, therefore it is considered a systemic disease. With diabetes mellitus, blood vessels, muscles, nerve fibers suffer and tissue regeneration processes are disrupted, provoking tissue necrosis.
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