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Immunology and Allergology >>>> Immunomodulators

Immunomodulators.

Immunomodulators are called immunotropic drugs that regulate the functions of the immune system. They operate in three directions:

  • restore the immune system, normalizing its functions -immunocorrectors;
  • change the functionality of the immune system, increasing it -immunostimulants;
  • reduce the functionality of the immune system - immunosuppressants (used to suppress the protective functions of the body in immunopathologies and organ or tissue transplants).

Immunostimulants and immunocorrectors.

Immunostimulants and immunocorrectors are used to enhance and normalize the functioning of immunity in immunodeficiency states (lowered immunity, AIDS).

The choice of this type of immunomodulators is carried out on the basis of a preliminary analysis of the clinical picture of the disease and immunodiagnostics. For example, bacterial infections are most often a sign of a violation of humoral immunity factors (B-immune systems). And infections of viral and fungal etiology indicate a predominant violation of the factors of cellular immunity.

Immunostimulants and immunocorrectors of microbial and fungal origin mainly act on the cells of the monocyte-macrophage system. Such drugs are used for chronic infections and long-term non-healing wounds.

  • Prodigiosan - for chronic diseases of infectious etiology (stimulation of interferonogenesis, activation of phagocytes)
  • Pyrogenal - for chronic diseases of infectious etiology, sometimes for allergies and dermatoses
  • Ribomunil, Bronchomunal, Imudon, IRS-19 (bacterial lysates) - chronic infections (in diseases of the respiratory tract of a nonspecific nature)
  • Sodium nucleinate - for chronic diseases of infectious etiology, leukopenia

.Immunostimulants and immunocorrectors of animal (peptide) origin:

  • Taktivin, Timalin, Timoptin, Timostimulin, Timaktin - aimed at diseases with damage to cellular immunity;
  • Vilosen - for upper respiratory tract allergies
  • Myelopid = B-activin - diseases with damage to the humoral immune system.
  • Immunofan-prevention and treatment of immunodeficiency diseases, with tumors
  • Wobenzym and Phlogenzym (stable mixtures of enzymes of animal and plant origin) - enzyme preparations

Protein bioregulators with immunotropic properties (cytomedins)

  • Cortexin - the results of traumatic brain injury, impaired brain functionality
  • Epithalamin - for endocrine disorders, for stressful effects
  • Prostatilen - chronic inflammation of the prostate, postoperative complications of the prostate gland
  • Berlopentin and Splenin (from spleen cells) - for AIDS

Synthetic immunostimulants and immunocorrectors:

  • Levamisole = Decaris - immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases, tumors
  • Likopid - for purulent - inflammatory processes, psoriasis (activation of macrophagocytosis)
  • Polyoxidinia - stimulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, as well as in immunodeficiency diseases
  • Poludan - viral eye infections
  • Kemantan (adamantane-containing compounds) - immunodeficiency diseases, with chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Leakadin - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
  • Diucifon - lesions of cellular immunity
  • Methyluracil - stimulates the synthesis of antibodies
  • Dibazol - stimulates the production of antibodies

Cytokines and cytokine-based drugs.

Interferon-based drugs for the treatment of viral infections and tumors (interferons):

  • Based on Interferon-alpha (Grippferon)
  • Based on Interferon-beta-1a (Avonex)
  • Based on Interferon-beta-1b (Betaferon)
  • Based on Interferon-alpha-2a (Roferon F)
  • Based on Interferon-alpha-2b (Realdiron, Eberon)
  • Human leukocyte interferon
  • Recombinant human IFN beta-1a (Rebif22)
  • Reaferon (Based on recombinant interferon 2a)
  • Reaferon (Based on recombinant interferon alpha-2b)
  • Leukinferon (complex: interferon-alpha, interleukins: IL1, IL6, IL12, TNF-alpha, MYTH)

Interleukin (IL) -based drugs:

  • Based on Interleukin 1-beta (Betaleukin) - for tumors
  • Based on Recombinant IL-2 (Rankoleukin) - for tumors, purulent - septic processes and injuries

Immunoglobulins are used as immunostimulants and as substitution therapy for primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases.

Among the immunostimulants and immunocorrectors, there is still no drug with an absolutely specific effect. Since all factors of the immune system are interdependent, the effect of drugs on any of its factors will lead to changes in the functioning of the entire system to one degree or another. This must be taken into account when choosing a certain type of immunomodulator.


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