Urology >>>> Cystitis is a male and female problem

Cystitis is a male and female problem.

The disease cystitis , that is, inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane lining the bladder from the inside, is more common in women due to the structural features (wider and shorter) and the location of the female urethra closer to the anus, and has the character of an independent disease. But, despite the fact that in men this disease is less common, it is one of the symptoms of pathological phenomena in the prostate or a sign of possible tumors in this area. Cystitis can be acute and chronic.

There are many reasons for the appearance of cystitis:

an infection that has entered the bladder through the ureter ( staphylococci , E. coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus, gonococci, pathogenic fungus, chlamydia, ureoplasm);
concomitant diseases (chronic pyelonephritis, urethritis , prostatitis, kidney tuberculosis) or diseases in which the infection enters the bladder with the blood flow;
hypothermia (for example, staying in low temperature water, draft, clothes not for the weather);
untimely urination;
circulatory disorders of the walls of the bladder during prolonged sitting;
wearing tight pants and underwear;
trauma to the walls of the bladder by substances supplied with food (spices, overcooked food);
trauma to the walls of the bladder with urolithiasis as a result of the release of small stones;
tumors located in the bladder or ureter;
metabolic disorders;
the onset of menopause;
disorders in the immune system (interstitial cystitis);
the use of catheters in the treatment of other urological diseases;
using improperly selected hygienic tampons and not regularly replacing them.

Cystitis signs:

.For acute cystitis, frequent and painful urination , tingling and stinging during urination (if urethritis develops in parallel - inflammation of the urethra), pain in the bladder, possibly a small amount of blood is characteristic. The urge to urinate may become more frequent to such an extent that within five to ten minutes after the next trip to the toilet, you feel the need to urinate. If the sphincter of the bladder is also involved in the inflammatory process, then enuresis may develop.

With chronically flowing cystitis, these same symptoms are muted: less frequent urge and less painful urination, sometimes paroxysmal pain in the bladder area (a feeling of cramps).

With improper and untimely treatment of acute cystitis, it becomes chronic, and the advanced chronic form can lead to interstitial.

Treatment of cystitis depends on the form of its course and the reasons that caused it. If acute cystitis is considered as an independently occurring disease, then the treatment does not last long. It is enough to establish the cause (for example, the type of infection using urine culture), drink a drug from the group of antibacterial or other antimicrobial agents suitable for destroying the identified infection, exclude external factors (listed as causes) that potentially cause cystitis.

Another thing is the treatment of chronic cystitis. It requires a methodical approach:

Diagnostic:

Exclusion or parallel treatment of diseases such as phimosis, stenosis of the ureteral opening, obstruction of the urethra, prostate tumors, kidney disease (in men) and colpitis, vaginosis, urethritis, cervicitis (in women).

Research using biopsy, cystoscopy, ultrasound.

Medication:

Oral antibiotics (nitrofurans, cephalosporins, fluoroquinols), antispasmodics are used.

Some medications (for example, bacteriophages) are injected through a catheter or syringe (flushing the bladder) through the urethra into the bladder.

Physiotherapy:

Warming up at home (heating pad, warm baths) will help reduce painful symptoms

Hardware physiotherapy: endourethral and transurethal (electrophoresis, laser therapy, magnetotherapy, short-pulse electroanalgesia)

Fortifying:

diet, vitamin therapy, immunostimulating therapy, herbal medicine of the urinary tract .

The diet should be based on foods with a high water content (watermelons, melons, cucumbers), dairy products. It is necessary to drink a lot of fluids to remove the infection from the bladder (sugar cranberry juice, compotes, tea, non-acidic juices, jelly). Food should not be spicy, lightly salted, not fried and low-fat. Alcohol, carbonated drinks, spices, hot sauces, citrus fruits should be excluded from the diet.