Neurological diseases >>>> Gliosis - what is it?
Gliosis - what is it?
In the brain, due to a number of endogenous and exogenous reasons, the death of neurons - cells that generate and transmit impulses - can occur. Dead cells of neurons are replaced by neuroglial cells (glial cells) - auxiliary cells of the nervous tissue that make up the environment for neurons involved in metabolic processes that perform a protective function and create conditions for the generation and conduction of nerve impulses. The process of replacing dead neurons with glial cells is called "gliosis".
Glial cells form special structures - foci of gliosis, resembling scarring, which have a limited localization, which prevents damage to neighboring brain tissues.
The reasons for the development of gliosis can be the result of various kinds of diseases that have a direct effect on the brain tissue:
- Inflammatory processes of various origins (encephalitis),
- Brain hypoxia,
- Cerebral ischemia,
- Multiple sclerosis,
- Brain trauma at the time of passing the birth canal,
- Craniocerebral trauma,
- Tuberous sclerosis,
- Arterial hypertension,
- Infectious and toxic brain lesions,
- Chronic congenital or acquired encephalopathy (damage of non-inflammatory origin, for example, trauma, drug, toxic, infectious damage),
- Genetic disorders of fat metabolism.
Gliosis is not considered as an independent disease, but is a pathological state of the nervous tissue of the brain as a result of past or current diseases, therefore, signs of gliosis can manifest themselves as symptoms of various kinds of diseases of the central nervous system:
- Dizziness, headaches,
- Increases in blood pressure,
- Movement coordination disorders,
- Deterioration of memory and intellectual abilities,
- Impaired speech, hearing, vision,
- Paresis and paralysis,
- cramps,
- Signs of asthenia.
Treatment of gliosis is carried out by identifying and treating the diseases that led to its development. Magnetic resonance imaging allows to identify foci of gliosis. Prevention of the formation of new foci of gliosis consists in maintaining a diet low in fatty foods, since fats provoke the progression of gliosis.
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