Neurological diseases >>>> Convulsive syndrome

Convulsive syndrome.

Disorders of the functions of the central nervous system often lead to sudden involuntary muscle contractions (convulsions) as a result of hypersynchronized (pathological synchronization) electrical discharge of a group or several groups of neurons.

Сonvulsions are different in coverage of the area of the muscles involved:

Localized - a specific muscle group or only one muscle is involved,
Generalized - all muscles of the body are involved.

There are clonic convulsions, when muscle contraction and relaxation are rapidly replaced, and tonic convulsions, when muscles contract for a long time without changing for a period of relaxation. There are mixed tonic-clonic seizures.

Depending on which structure of the brain is involved in the pathological process, seizures are of a certain nature: when the subcortex is excited, tonic convulsions begin, and when the cerebral cortex is excited, clonic convulsions occur.

The causes of convulsive syndrome are considered in three ways:

Convulsions as the main symptom of the disease (epileptic seizures);
Symptomatic convulsions in various diseases of the brain (arachnoiditis , ruptured aneurysm or subarachnoid bleeding, brain abscesses, cerebral edema, tumors, congenital pathologies of brain tissue, etc.);
Convulsions as a result of a nonspecific reaction of the central nervous system (with trauma and concussions , with infection, with an increase in temperature (febrile convulsions), with hypoxic disorders, with neuropathies and neuritis, with metabolic disorders: hyper- and hypovitaminosis, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, with vegetative vascular disorders, post-vaccination convulsions, with intoxication of the body due to burns, frostbite, and the like).

Convulsive syndrome is dangerous because it occurs suddenly, it can lead to falls and injuries, to biting the tongue, to aspiration of vomit, acute heart failure, to respiratory arrest.

First aid for seizures requires measures that prevent injury and respiratory arrest. For these purposes, the victim is given a safe position, something soft is placed under the head, the head is laid on one side, the jaws are forcibly opened (with a metal spatula, the handle of a metal spoon), and the tongue is prevented from sinking by pulling it outwards. First aid anticonvulsant drug: relanium ampoules, sibazon, diazepam. An ambulance call is required, due to the fact that the convulsions may not stop, and professional help will be required, as well as the diagnosis of the disease that caused the convulsive syndrome.