Infectious diseases >>>> Fungal diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx

Fungal diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx.

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx often becomes a favorable environment for the reproduction of microorganisms of a fungal nature. Like any other infectious disease, mycoses of the oral cavity and pharynx develop against the background of decreased immune reactions, dysbiosis of the oral cavity caused by uncontrolled intake of antibiotics when conditions are created for the active reproduction of fungi. The toxins released by fungi injure the mucous membrane, enter the bloodstream, settle on tissues and can spread throughout the body, causing intoxication and inflammation. Introducing into the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx, fungi cause superficial ulceration, plaque, bleeding, can lead to ulcers and necrosis of mucosal tissues. The most common causative agents of fungal diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx are Candida and Aspergillus fungi, less often Mucor and Penicillium fungi.

Factors provoking the occurrence of fungal diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx:

Chronic bacterial infections of the oral cavity and pharynx, forcing the use of antibacterial agents of local and general action, suppressing in parallel and beneficial microflora, which inhibits the spread of fungal colonies.
Allergic reactions requiring the use of corticosteroids that reduce immunity.
Violations of the enzymatic protective function of saliva (change in the chemical composition of saliva), which is a restraining mechanism for the colonization of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx with fungi.
Disorders of metabolic processes in the body, accompanying the development of systemic diseases.
Avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of B vitamins.

Signs of a fungal infection of the oral cavity and pharynx are similar to those of a bacterial infection:

Dryness in the mouth and throat;
.Sore or sore mouth or throat;
Burning sensation in the mucous membrane covering the tongue, palate, pharynx;
Whitish or yellowish coating on the surface of the mucous membrane of the tongue, palate, pharynx;
Sore throat and / or pain on the surface of the tongue;
Swelling and hyperemia (redness) of the oral mucosa, tongue or pharynx.

To the listed signs, a deterioration in general well-being, headache, difficulty swallowing, an increase in the submandibular lymph nodes may be added.

Diagnosis of mycosis of the oral cavity and pharynx is carried out on the basis of the analysis of smears from the oral cavity and pharynx.

Treatment of fungal diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx requires the use of antifungal drugs, correction of microbiocenosis (population of the body with beneficial microflora - bifidobacterium and lactobacillus), increasing the protective functions of the body due to immunomodulatory therapy. In addition to general drug treatment, local drug therapy is carried out: antimycotic aerosols (Bioparox, Fluconazole), rinsing with antimycotic drugs (Hepilor solution, Mikomax syrup), the use of lozenges, including Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Levorin, Nystatin.

Treatment of mycoses of the oral cavity and pharynx must be carried out in a timely manner, since fungal infections can spread throughout the body, which complicates further treatment and can lead to the loss of infected organs.