Respiratory system >>>> Tuberculoma - signs and treatment
Tuberculoma - signs and treatment.
Tuberculoma (caseoma) is a form of tuberculosis, when a limited tumor-like focus is formed in the lung tissue. As a rule, tuberculoma develops in a single form, and less often there is multiple tuberculoma. The sizes of tuberculoma are in the range from one to eight centimeters.
Tuberculoma develops due to the compaction of the infiltrate in the lung tissue, its encapsulation. A prerequisite for the development of tuberculoma is focal tuberculosis, a cavernous form of pulmonary tuberculosis (with the formation of a cavity - a hollow space), an infiltrative form of tuberculosis (accumulation of infiltrate).
Tuberculoma can be latent (without symptoms), make itself felt by sweating, general malaise, low-grade fever.
Typical signs of tuberculoma are:
- Cough with sputum discharge
- Night sweats
- Hemoptysis may occur.
On auscultation, wheezing is heard. X-ray tuberculoma manifests itself in the form of a round shadow, sharply delimited from the surrounding tissues. In case of violation of the membrane, disintegration of tuberculoma in the picture, the darkened area has a gap in the general shadow. With an exacerbation of the inflammatory process, the borders of tuberculoma may become blurred. ROE increases and the leukocyte formula shifts to the left. Bioassay of sputum reveals mycobacterium.
Differential diagnosis of tuberculoma is carried out with atelectasis, neoplasms, fungal diseases, cysts, which look similar on the roentgenogram.
Treatment of tuberculoma is fraught with a number of difficulties, since antibacterial drugs cannot get into caseosis until it is violated. In addition, it was found that the caseome contains highly virulent strains of mycobacteria, therefore, violation of the boundaries of the caseome can cause the spread of bacteria.
Preference in the treatment of tuberculoma is given to the surgical method - resection of a part of the lung. The amount of resection depends on the size of the tuberculoma and its tendency to decay.
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