Immunology and Allergology >>>> Measles vaccines
Measles vaccines.
The measles vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that allows you to achieve strong immunity against measles for a long time. There are several types of measles vaccines:
- Live measles monocomponent vaccine,
- Combined live measles-rubella (CM) vaccine,
- Combined live measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
The addition of other vaccine components to measles vaccine does not alter the effectiveness of the immune response. The vaccine is recommended for children and adults who have no contraindications for this type of vaccination. The best results are obtained from vaccination in two or more stages:
For children, the first measles vaccination is indicated at the age of 12-15 months, the second at the age of 4-6 years (before entering school). If the first vaccination is missed, then the difference between the two vaccinations should not be less than a month.
There are vaccination programs that provide for an additional one-time vaccination of children from 9 months to 14 years old. And they also use vaccination schemes: at 1 year - at 6 years old - in the period 14-17 years - in the period 22-29 years - in the period 32-39 years - then every 10 years. Applicants for third and subsequent measles shots may include conscripts, students, healthcare workers, and those traveling to areas where measles is endemic.
Side effects of measles vaccine during the post-vaccination period:
Since the measles virus in the attenuated vaccine has a low virulence, the symptoms of measles infection after the vaccine administration are mild:
- A slight rise in temperature,
- Catarrhal phenomena,
- Headache, lethargy, impaired general well-being,
- Rash or flushing of the skin,
- Nonspecific complications (Quincke edema , allergic reactions, arthralgia),
- Sometimes convulsions.
Contraindications for measles vaccination:
- Immunodeficiency states,
- Weakened immunity,
- Any disease in the acute period,
- Immunosuppressive therapy or steroid therapy.
Currently, persons with immunodeficiencies (children and adults) can be vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines in remission who have not had chemotherapy sessions for three months, at least two to three weeks before treatment with cytostatic drugs.
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