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How are solutions for disinfection prepared?

There is a group of chemicals (universal chemicals - disinfectants) that have a detrimental effect on various types of microbes. These substances can be used independently in everyday life for proper disinfection of premises and household items. These substances include: bleach, chloramine, Lysol, dibasic salt of calcium hypochlorite (dibasic salt of calcium hypochlorite, DTS HA), hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide. With the exception of ethylene oxide, which is used for spraying from metal cans, the remaining substances are used in the form of aqueous solutions of varying concentrations and for various purposes.

It is necessary to distinguish between disinfection to prevent the proliferation of emerging or supposedly existing microbes in a room and infection by human microbes, disinfection for the ongoing treatment of household items and premises during a person’s illness to prevent the dispersion of microbes from a sick person to healthy people through household items and room air, final disinfection , which is carried out immediately after a sick person has recovered in order to cleanse the room where he was located from the source of infection.

Chemical substances - disinfectants are capable of disinfecting water, and with its help, premises and household items are disinfected.

The most popular solution for disinfection and antimicrobial treatment is bleach. Bleach solutions are usually prepared in various concentrations:

10 - 20% unclarified bleach solutions are used for irrigation of the external walls of a building or household structures, toilet walls, external and internal surfaces of toilet bowls. To prepare an unclarified 10% bleach solution at home, you need to dilute 1 kg of bleach powder in 10 liters of water. Water is poured into the powder (and not vice versa). First, add a small amount of water and knead a liquid gruel without lumps, and then add the rest of the water to the gruel. This type of solution is used immediately after its preparation.
0.2 - 0.5% clarified solutions of bleach are used for irrigation and wiping of indoor surfaces (walls, ceilings, floors, window sills, doorways and doors themselves) and furniture surfaces. To prepare a clarified solution, it is necessary to leave the 10% unclarified solution for 24 hours to settle so that the lime powder settles to the bottom of the container. Then the liquid is poured without sediment into another container, and from the drained 10% bleach solution, solutions of the required concentration (0.2% - 0.5%) are prepared by adding water.

Chloramine is used in solutions from 0.2% to 1% concentration. Chloramine solutions can be used for irrigating household surfaces, wiping household surfaces, including the interior surfaces of furniture, as well as for soaking washable household items (including kitchen utensils and dishes, linen) in weak solutions. Linen can be soaked in a 0.2% chloramine solution for one hour or in a 0.5% chloramine solution for two hours. Boil laundry in a 1% chloramine solution.

Lysol is used in 3-5% solutions for wiping indoor surfaces and for soaking linen and shoes (weak aqueous solutions of Lysol). You can soak laundry in a 3% solution of Lysol for two hours.

Two-thirds calcium hypochlorite salt (dibasic calcium hypochlorite salt, DTS GC) is used in 0.1-3% concentration in aqueous solutions for wiping or irrigation of surfaces in residential premises, in change houses, basements and other premises, as well as for disinfection of buckets, mops , synthetic brooms and other cleaning containers and devices. You can soak laundry in a 0.1% solution for two hours.

Hydrogen peroxide is used for disinfection in aqueous solutions of 3% concentration. Indoor surfaces, as well as external skin (except for the skin around the eyes), are treated with such solutions.

Ethylene oxide from metal cylinders is used as a disinfectant for indoor treatment by spraying to a maximum concentration of 500 ml per cubic meter. In this way, the air and surfaces in the room are simultaneously disinfected (in the absence of people and with subsequent ventilation after a waiting period for disinfection).

Patient basins, bedpans, and other containers can be decontaminated by soaking them in a clarified 10% bleach solution or 5% Lysol solution for 30 minutes and rinsing them under running water. After use, food utensils can be disinfected by boiling in a 2% baking soda solution for 15 minutes and then soaking in a disinfectant solution suitable for utensils for 30 minutes. Next, the dishes are rinsed with running water until the disinfectant solution is completely washed out.

It should be remembered that household disinfection is the simplest and most effective method of destroying pathogens of various infectious diseases.