Dermatology >>>> Onychodystrophy

Onychodystrophy.

Onychodystrophy is a violation of the trophism of the nail plate, leading to its deformation. The manifestations of onychodystrophy are diverse. The nail plate itself (destruction of the nail plate), the nail bed and the nail roller are subjected to deformation. The most common clinical manifestations of deformation of the nail plate are:

Hippocrates' nails - resemble drumsticks due to the thickening of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and the domed nail plate.
Onycholysis - detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed.
Koilonychia is a saucer-shaped impression of the nail plate.
Onychogryphosis - hypertrophy of the nail plate: thickening and curvature of the nail plate, a change in the direction of its growth.
Scleronychia is a thickening of the nail plate with partial separation from the nail bed and a change in nail color to different shades of yellow and brown.
Beau-Rayle groove is an arcuate transverse groove that runs along the nail plate.
Onychorexis is a longitudinal splitting of the nail plate.
Onychochisis is a transverse splitting of the nail plate.
Trachyonychia - peeling of the nail plate, stratification into small scales.
Leukonychia is a change in the color of the nails in the form of white spots of various sizes and outlines.
Murke lines are two white stripes on the nail plate running parallel to the nail hole.
Change in pigmentation of the nail plate (yellow-brown shades) as a result of taking tetracycline antibiotics.

Most often, onychodystrophy is caused by a number of internal disorders - endocrine, neurotrophic or systemic diseases. In some cases, onychodystrophy is caused by congenital anomalies.

Treatment of onychodystrophy is associated with many difficulties, since not in all cases it is possible to reliably establish the cause of the disease that caused onychodystrophy, and the treatment process itself takes a long time (up to a year). For a more detailed examination, dermatoscopy, angiographic and confocal microscopic examinations are performed.

Treatment involves a diet that includes protein foods, fruits and vegetables, nuts, and gelatinous foods. Drug therapy is based on the intake of nail growth accelerators (vitamin - mineral complexes: Perfectil, Perfectil Plus). In severe onychodystrophy, antihistamines, systemic corticosteroids, aromatic retinoids, and cytostatics are prescribed. Nourishing oils and ointments are used externally, but the drugs penetrate poorly through the nail plate and, as a rule, do not reach the growth zone. Physiotherapeutic treatment is indicated: PUVA therapy, electrophoresis, UFO.

During the treatment, do not use chemical products for the care of the nail plate and eponychium, do not varnish the nails, avoid contact with chemicals, using protective gloves.