Cardiovascular system >>>> Hemorrhagic diathesis
Hemorrhagic diathesis.
Hemorrhagic diathesis - spontaneously occurring multiple hemorrhages, not corresponding in scale to the injuries inflicted. According to the degree of bleeding, hemorrhagic diathesis can be represented by a petechial rash (small capillary hemorrhages), hematomas, or massive external (internal) bleeding. Hemorrhagic diathesis has different places of localization and intensity of bleeding.
The reasons for the development of hemorrhagic diathesis lie in the area of impaired hemostasis (vascular, platelet, plasma). Hemorrhagic diathesis are hereditary and acquired.
There are several groups of hemorrhagic diathesis:
- Caused by thrombocytopenia (disorder of platelet hemostasis): thrombocytopathy, essential thrombocythemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhagic aleukia.
- Caused by blood clotting disorders (coagulopathies): hemophilia, parahemophilia, Stuart Prower disease, fibrinogenopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, von Willebrand disease, etc.
- Caused by defects of the vascular wall (vasopathy): vitamin C deficiency, hemorrhagic vasculitis, Randu-Osler-Weber disease.
Signs of hemorrhagic diathesis are manifested by spontaneously arising bruising, bruising, minor capillary bleeding, hematomas that occupy large spaces and are located on the skin of the thighs, legs. Epistaxis, gingival bleeding, gastric bleeding, uterine bleeding, hematuria (blood in the urine) may begin.
Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis depends on the form of its manifestation and origin. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics are canceled according to indications. They carry out hemo-replacement therapy, use iron-containing drugs, substances that ensure blood clotting. In case of intense external bleeding, a tourniquet is applied. Cold (ice) is applied to bruises and hematomas. With massive bleeding, an operation is performed to remove the spleen.
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