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Stuttering - causes and mechanism of occurrence.

Stuttering is a violation of the tempo and rhythmic flow of speech, accompanied by stops of speech, length of sounds, repetition of sounds and syllables. Medicine associates the causes of stuttering with a violation of the state of the muscles of the speech apparatus (convulsions and spasms) accompanying the stressed state of the nervous system at the moment a person starts a conversation with people around him. Most often, stuttering occurs precisely at the beginning of speech, less often in the middle of a conversation and does not give a person the opportunity to move from stopping the sound to move on to the next sound, or is accompanied by convulsive repetition of sounds, syllables or individual words.

Stuttering by origin can have a neurosis-like (with congenital or acquired diseases of the nervous system) or neurotic (with neuroses, fatigue and stress) form.

The predisposing causes of stuttering are:

in disorders of motor skills and sense of rhythm,
in psychological tension or overexcitation during a conversation,
in situations: in fear, in the moment of fear,
in breathing disorders at the time of articulation (too much air flow during inhalation - exhalation),
in infectious diseases,
in the exhaustion of the nervous system,
in prenatal and birth injuries,
in encephalopathy,
in a concussion (a special case of trauma causing stuttering),
in a delay in the development of speech,
in too rapid and early development of speech with a large vocabulary.

The mechanism of stuttering is associated with over-stimulation of the speech centers in the cerebral cortex and areas of the brain responsible for emotions. At the moment of emotional stress, a spasm (convulsions) of the organs involved in articulation occurs: the muscles of the larynx, palate, tongue.

The problem of stuttering is directly related to the adaptation of a person in society, arises as a protective mechanism in the process of contact with others, which entails tension at the time of a person's communication with strangers, unfamiliar or unfamiliar people. But in a state of relaxation of the nervous system when communicating with animals or alone with himself, such a person speaks without stuttering.